Translational Bioinformatics Support for Personalized and Systems Medicine: Tasks and Challenges

The current challenges in healthcare including the high costs and high rates of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) call for fundamental changes in both drug development and clinical practice [1,2]. The “onesize-fits-all” drugs ignoring individual differences are often the causes of the ADRs. Paper-based and non-standardized clinical systems have also contributed to errors and adverse events. At the same time, the fast development in biomedical science has not been translated into better clinical outcomes [3].